中国智能算力规模正在高速增长。
IDC 预测 2022 年智能算力规模将达到268.0 EFLOPS，超过通用算力规模，预计到 2026 年智能算力规模将进入 ZFLOPS 级别，达到 1,271.4 EFLOPS。2021-2026 年期间，预计中国智能算力规模年复合增长率达 52.3%，同期通用算力规模年复合增长率为 18.5%。
什么是算力
简单来说，算力按字面解释就是计算能力，是通过对信息数据进行处理，实现目标结果输出的计算能力。个人认为《中国算力白皮书（2022年）》中定义的“算力是数据中心的服务器通过对数据进行处理后实现结果输出的一种能力”并不全面。算力既包括集中部署在数据中心里的中心节点算力或云端算力，也包括部署在业务应用最前端的小型或微型设备提供的边缘算力,并非仅仅指“数据中心的服务器”提供的计算能力。
算力分类
按用法和使用场景的不同，算力主要分为三大类：通用算力、智能算力和超算算力：
通用算力以CPU芯片输出的计算能力为主，主要面向常规文字处理、文件传输、流程控制、权限管理、安全防护类应用场景。
智能算力，也称为AI算力，是以GPU、FPGA、ASIC芯片为主要算力输出，主要面向视频图像渲染、自然语言处理、语音识别、计算机视觉、加速运算等。目前处于热点的ChatGPT、元宇宙、人机交互、智能客服、语音对话、AIGC、智能公文写作、机器人、及以太坊虚拟货币等应用主要使用智能算力。
超算算力以超级计算机输出的计算能力为主；主要用于科学领域，承担各种大规模科学计算和工程计算任务，比如新能源、新材料、自然灾害、气象预报、地质勘探、工业仿真模拟、新药开发、动漫制作，基因排序、城市规划等等。一台超级计算机必须具备较高的智能算力能力，又要求拥有强大的数据处理能力、存储能力和网络传输能力。
算力衡量单位
FLOPS（floating-point operations per second）,即每秒所执行的浮点运算次数,是最常用的算力大小计量单位。在使用到大量浮点运算的科学计算领域，FLOPS常被再来估算电脑的计算能力，浮点运算实际上包括了所有涉及小数的运算，小数运算比整数运算更花时间。
一个MFLOPS（megaFLOPS）等于每秒一百万（=10^6）次的浮点运算，
一个GFLOPS（gigaFLOPS）等于每秒十亿（=10^9）次的浮点运算，
一个TFLOPS（teraFLOPS）等于每秒一万亿（=10^12）次的浮点运算，(1太拉)
一个PFLOPS（petaFLOPS）等于每秒一千万亿（=10^15）次的浮点运算，
一个EFLOPS（exaFLOPS）等于每秒一百京（=10^18）次的浮点运算，
一个ZFLOPS（zetaFLOPS）等于每秒十万京（=10^21）次的浮点运算。
数据精度
浮点计算能力，与浮点数的不同精度直接相关。IEEE 754标准里定义了半精度、单精度、双精度这三个浮点数精度标准概念，比如单精度的浮点数采用4个字节也就是32位二进制来表达一个数字，双精度浮点数采用8个字节也就是64bits来表达。采用不同位数的浮点数的表达精度不一样，造成的计算误差也不一样。
对于需要处理的数字范围大而且需要精确计算的科学计算来说，就要求采用双精度浮点数，而对于常见的多媒体和图形处理计算，32位的单精度浮点计算已经足够了，对于要求精度更低的机器学习等一些应用来说，半精度16位浮点数就可以甚至8位浮点数就已经够用了。
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