存储网络系统由存储设备、网络设备和主机三个部分组成。存储设备是指该系统中采用的NAS、iSCSI、FC-SAN等磁盘阵列设备，网络设备是指FC交换机或以太网交换机，主机是指安装了以太网卡、FC HBA卡，并安装了一定应用软件的主机设备。存储系统的瓶颈分析主要是看这三个部分中哪一种会首先达到其性能的最大值。
存储成为整个系统的瓶颈是指存储设备的带宽达到最大值，或IOPS达到最大值，存储设备限制了系统性能的进一步提升，甚至影响了整个系统的正常运行。由于不同业务系统对存储的性能要求不同，一般小文件（小于1MB）读写型的系统中对IO的要求较高，大文件的读写型系统对存储设备带宽的要求比较高。不用应用模式下系统对存储设备的要求不同，瓶颈点出现的位置和特点也不一样。
应用模式1：小型网站系统，应用大多集中于远程用户对WEB页面访问，网站内部为WEB服务器和数据库之间的读写，应用系统对存储的压力非常小，差不多所有类型、所有档次的存储设备都可以作为核心存储，存储设备的带宽和IOPS很难会达到极限。在这样的系统中，与存储设备连接的网络设备一般都千兆以太网交换机，交换机本身的交换能力大多都是10Gb，只有接入网部分的可用带宽较小，一般只有100Mb/s左右的接入带宽，因此接入网最有可能成为存储网络的瓶颈。
应用模式2：如果该网站是一个大型的网络视频系统，支持大量用户在线进行视频节目播放和下载，这种类型的网站前端接入网一般都在2Gb/s以上。此时要分析瓶颈位置，首先要比较接入网带宽和存储带宽，同时还要比较在线用户的最大IO访问量和存储设备的IOPS值。一般来讲，由于NAS设备的带宽和IOPS相对较小，因此NAS比iSCSI和FC-SAN设备更容易成为系统的瓶颈，而iSCSI和FC-SAN较难成为瓶颈。如果存储设备采用NAS，则存储系统成为瓶颈的机率大于接入网，如果存储设备采用FC-SAN，则存储系统成为瓶颈的机率小于接入网。
瓶颈还经常会出现在负责节目播放和下载功能的视频服务器处。如果视频服务器配置的数量不足，或视频服务器之间无法正常地实现自动地网络负载均衡，那么整个系统的性能压力瓶颈就会出现在视频服务器，使用整个视频网站无法给远程用户提供流畅的节目画面。
应用模式3：数据库系统，数据库系统的存储应用一般都表现为大量的IO访问，对带宽要求较低。如果存储设备的IOPS较小时，会降低数据库的检索和查寻速度，从来影响整个业务的效率。因此建议数据库系统采用IOPS（可按业务规模、工作站数量、每秒的读写访问次数和估算）比较大的FC-SAN设备，不建议采用IOPS相对较小的NAS或iSCSI设备。大型数据库存储最好能采用15000RPM的高速FC磁盘，这样才能将数据库服务器成为整个系统的压力瓶颈。由于SATA硬盘在随机IO读写时的性能不佳，因此存储设备不建议采用SATA磁盘，否则存储设备极有可能数据库系统的IOPS瓶颈。
应用模式4：非线性编辑制作系统。在非线性编辑制作网络中，所有工作站共享式地访问核心存储系统，每台工作站同时以50-200Mb/S的恒定码率访问存储设备。业务系统对带宽的压力非常，而IOPS压力较小。
存储设备的总可用带宽越大，存储设备就能支持更多数量的编辑制作工作站，网络的规模就越大，网络系统所能承担的业务就越重要。因此编辑制作网的存储一般都会选择主机端口多、特别是磁盘端口多、带宽大的FC-SAN设备。存储设备内部设计时，一般会通过增加磁盘数量、增加扩展柜数量、跨扩展柜创建RAID组、增加主机通道数量等方式最大限度地利用存储控制器前端和后端的总可用带宽，使得磁盘、磁盘通道、主机通道等的总带宽大于控制器的总带宽，这样在工作站访问时存储设备时，才能最大地发挥出控制器的带宽性能。带宽瓶颈在控制器部位才能说明是最好的存储系统设计方案。
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