一、为什么要使用云计算平台
对于一个中型以上规模的数据中心而言，服务器、存储和网络设备数量越来越多，数据量和应用压力增加需求服务器的性能和存储容量不断进行扩容，每天都有大量新的业务需要开通，老的业务系统需要关闭，每一个新业务上线之前都需要大规模的临时服务器和存储进行测试。在传统手工操作的IT管理模式下，IT管理员越来越难以应对不断增加的工作量，人力陷于重复地资源开通和关闭中，失误增加，资源回收不及时，“僵尸虚机”越来越多，资源大量被浪费。
要消除这些问题，数据中心的管理需要一套可预定制模板、可扩展且可快速批量部署的IaaS解决方案，在管理员的监管下自动化地完成服务器、存储和网络等资源的开通、使用和回收全流程，并实现资源的生命周期管理。这正是XCloud云计算管理平台的主要功能所在。
二、云计算平台的构成
XCloud云计算管理平台是云海创想自主研发的新一代云数据中心核心管理系统，由资源管理、运营管理和自服务门户三个子系统构成：
资源管理平台：在云计算资源池之上部署资源管理平台实现对云平台资源池下所有资源的管理、调度及监控。资源管理平台可实现物理机、虚拟机、存储设备、网络资源等IT资源的统一管理，为整个云平台IAAS层提供资源支持；自动生成整个系统网络拓扑图，实现对所有虚拟和物理设备的实时监控和告警信息管理；丰富详实的统计报表功能。
运营管理平台：通过对资源管理平台的调用，实现对整个云平台的用户、服务、运营及系统等进行维护、管理和监控，是实现云服务的基础平台。运营管理平台包含服务管理、服务发布、用户管理、订单管理及统计监控等主要功能模块，实现虚拟机、云存储、物理机及网络资源等产品和服务的创建及发布，用户创建及权限管理，订单审批及流程管理，以及对用户资源的监控管理。
自服务门户：用户自服务门户是整个云计算平台自助获取服务及资源的窗口，可实现用户对云主机（虚拟机）、云存储、网络等各种IT资源的自助申请及自动获取，并可通过服务控制台对已申请的服务进行管理、实时监控、配置升级以及数据备份等操作。可通过支付宝和银联等完成公有云服务的在线购买和费用支付。
系统管理员、运营维护人员和最终者分别通过不同门户使用云平台，责权清晰，安全可控。
三、XCloud云平台的特色
全方位的设备管理
云海创想XCloud云平台实现了对数据中心内部IT资源的全方位管理，数据中心内的虚拟机、虚拟化服务器、物理服务器、存储设备及网络设备等IT设备均可通过解决方案所采用的云平台核心管理系统进行管理、调度和监控。
异构资源管理
以XCloud云平台为核心构建了一个开放的基础架构，同时整合、集成业界主流的各种异构软、硬件资源，支持不同的应用，支持主流的X86服务器硬件、存储设备、网络设备资源的异构管理。兼容多种虚拟化系统（Citrix XenServer, KVM, VMware，OVM等），管理异构的虚拟机资源池。
多数据中心管理
云海创想XCloud云平台构建的云数据中心管理系统实现对多个数据中心资源池的统一运营和集中部署管理，实现对多数据中心的资源统一监控、管理和运营。并且整个系统可根据请求分配、调度不同资源池的资源。
业务连续性和系统安全
通过XCloud云平台可对资源池中各资源的使用情况和健康状态进行实时监控，通过灵活调度策略来保障应用的连续性和可靠性。通过数据加密、定时快照、自动备份等多种方式来保证数据的安全。同时，系统集成了业界领先的安全防护系统，实现对虚拟环境的安全防护，包括入侵检测和防护、防火墙等针对服务器防御以及现在可以部署的恶意软件防护。
IT环境及业务系统的快速部署、交付
快速搭建用户所需的IT环境，简化安装部署过程,避免人为误操作,省时、省力，大幅度提高工作效率,从繁琐事务中解脱，关注服务，提高运维质量。同时，可以快速提供新的业务系统，不必再考虑操作系统、中间件、应用程序等一系列环境的安装和配置问题。消除由于安装配置过程中的疏漏而影响到整个业务。
按需自助服务，多级审批
云海创想XCloud云平台为用户构建了一套完善的云数据中心运营系统，系统的自服务流程管理为用户提供了完整的按需自助式服务体验，整个自服务流程包括服务申请、订单审批与管理、服务交付、服务实例使用与回收等步骤与功能。在公有云环境下，自服务流程则成为网络营销系统平台，实现云服务的在线购买、计费及管理的功能。
四、XCloud云平台的服务功能
云海创想XCloud云平台是整体系统的基础架构，负责整个系统中物理服务器、虚拟机、存储设备和网络设备的资源管理、资源分配、弹性扩展、自动生命周期管理等。
虚拟机：向用户和应用提供不同配置规格的虚拟机服务。云平台负责服务器的安装部署，并将物理服务器虚拟化出多个逻辑服务器。与传统物理主机相比，虚拟机具有资源与位置无关性、快速部署、在线自助管理等特征。
活动磁盘：目的是让用户给虚拟机附加虚拟磁盘。满足磁盘空间不足时可自助扩展。该虚拟磁盘可以在虚拟机之间进行迁移。
数据备份：申请快照备份空间，对虚拟机系统盘和数据盘进行快照备份，备份数据可用于恢复原虚拟机，也可转换为模版生成副本虚拟机。
负载均衡：在多台安装相同应用的虚拟机之间构建负载均衡功能，提供应用系统的承载能力。
防火墙：创建虚拟防火墙，对应用系统的访问进行安全隔离，保证应用系统的安全。
安全隔离：支持对虚拟机之间进行VLAN隔离，不同的VLAN之间还可以设置不同的隔离策略。支持每个虚拟机之间的安全组策略，每个虚拟机可以设置自己的访问安全策略，限制外部的访问方式。
云监控：通过用户管理界面，实现已申请的虚拟机、网络和存储空间的实时监控，及时获得CPU、内存、网络端口等实时数据。
五、云计算实验室解决方案
云计算实验室是一个面向云计算、大数据分析和物联网等高新技术教学的综合性实验平台，为教师和学生的实验、教学、科研等提供一个核心的基础性研发和实验平台。
- 云平台可以为老师和学生研究学习物联网、大数据分析、云计算、云存储以及云环境下的网络安全和信息安全研究提供一个基础性平台，使老师和学生从简单和重复的基础性环境搭建和管理中脱离出来，专注于新技术的研究和教学。
- 通过云平台开放的API接口，老师和学生可在相对成熟的技术层面以上做更高级的研究和教学，无需重复研究已成熟，甚至已商业化的技术和产品。
- 云平台可快速创建大中小不同规模的虚拟服务器、虚拟存储、虚拟网络设备，便于教师和学生快速地批量、自动部署不同的虚拟教学和实验环境，完成虚拟化、云计算、云存储、互联网等系统的性能压力、数据安全和网络安全等验证测试。
- 云平台具有完善的自助服务功能，无需实验室管理员亲自操作，教师和学生可自行申请和使用已发布的资源。
- 云平台具有多地点、多终端接入功能，除了实验室内部网络外，教师和学生还可通过教室、宿舍、办公室、图书馆、甚至校外网络接入实验平台。
云平台不仅可为实验室内部的老师和学生提供研究和开发平台，还可为实验室外部的老师和学生提供研究和开发平台所需要计算资源和存储资源，将学院实验室的效能发挥到最大。
下图为小型云计算实验室的系统设计图：
云平台管理服务器：选择1-2台服务器作为云平台管理服务器。云平台的3个子系统安装在该服务器上，负责管理所有的云计算节点、存储空间和网络资源。实验室管理老师或学生通过WEB浏览器访问云平台的自服务、运营管理和资源管理这3个门户，实现各种资源申请和管理功能。
云计算节点：通过云平台管理服务器，在云计算节点上自动安装服务器虚拟化软件，无需安装其他操作系统，或手工创建任何虚拟机。
主存储：主存储主要用于存储所有虚拟机的操作系统和数据，云平台按业务需求，从主存储中划分磁盘空间用于虚拟的系统盘或数据盘。
二次存储：二级存储空间一般用于存储各种操作系统模板、ISO文件、快照、和备份数据，是云平台整个系统数据安全、业务不会长时间中断的保障。
应用软件：云实训平台、教学资源平台、在线课堂、在线测试等软件安装运行在各计算节点上的虚拟服务器上，这些软件均采用B/S软件架构。老师和学生可通过实验室中PC、笔记本电脑的WEB浏览器访问各种教学和实验系统，也可以通过云平台创建的虚拟机访问。
六、XCloud其他适用场景
云海创想XCloud云平台解决方案同时兼顾私有云和公有云的建设，帮助客户构建完整的私有云或公有云环境，提高IT服务效率与质量，开拓增值业务，提高运营商企业竞争力。其具体适用场景如下：
- 运营商公有云服务数据中心
- 园区云数据中心
- 政府电子政务信息中心
- 高校信息中心
- 科研机构开发及测试实验室
- 数据灾备中心
七、成功案例
- 北京某工商局电子政务云平台
- 某财经大学校园云服务平台
- 南京某学院云计算实验中心
- 某软件公司实验室云平台
- 无锡城市云
- 微世界云服务平台
- 中国软件城云服务平台
- 黑龙江联通云服务平台
……
八、XCloud云平台的客户价值
- XCloud云平台采用模块化设计，各模块可灵活组合，可根据业务需求不同，部署成专属的私有云或对外部开放的公有云，也可以同时提供公有云和私有云服务。
- 通过虚拟化技术，有效提高服务器资源的利用率，减少后期服务器的投入，实现了绿色节能减排的目标。
- 通过异构虚拟化技术，降低单一虚拟化技术带来的风险，强化高可用性，满足业务连续性的要求。
- 通过对异构资源的统一管理，实现计算资源、存储资源以及网络资源的集中统一管理，简化管理复杂度，减少维护人员的数量及技术难度。
- 具备按业务匹配的模型交付能力，满足业务新系统弹性（快速的性能扩展性）、敏捷（高效的部署新业务）需求，以加快新业务部署速度，并减少新上线业务的部署难度。
- 对各项资源进行生命周期管理，用户申请后自动分配资源，到期后自动回收。自动化管理既可以大幅度减少管理员日常维护工作，还可以实时监控各项资源的使用率，避免系统长期运行后出现大量资源被无效占用。
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