进入2020年,“新基建”成为新的热搜关键词。与铁路、公路、桥梁、水利工程等传统基建相比,“新基建”是以信息技术为支撑,构建数字经济时代的关键基础设施,涵盖了5G网络、特高压、城际高速铁路和城市轨道交通、新能源充电桩、大数据中心、人工智能、工业互联网等七大领域。截至2020年3月31日,新基建七大领域新注册企业共计312775家,仅广东省有明确数据的融资金额达到了2595亿元人民币。
2020年5月7日,上海发布的新型基础设施建设行动方案中指出,到2022年底,上海将新建3.4万个5G基站,10万个电动汽车充电桩,建设100家以上无人工厂、无人生产线、无人车间,带动15万企业上云上平台等等,推动上海全市新型基础设施建设规模和创新能级迈向国际一流水平。
大量企业开始投身新基建领域,新基建项目也会大量出现,这就需要越来越多的数据中心来为之提供后台支撑。
新基建对数据中心需求的特殊性
普通的互联网业务的服务对象是全国、甚至全球的用户,所有用户数据需要汇集到统一的云端服务进行处理和分析,再将结果呈现到每个用户终端。云端服务器系统大多部署在单一数据中心里,并在异地数据中心部署镜像或容灾系统。因为云端服务器系统部署的单一性,所以互联网业务要求数据中心的互联网宽带具有高时效性、数据具有高安全性、系统具有高稳定性,对数据中心的建设标准和运维标准提出了很高的要求。
新基建项目对数据中心的需求不同于传统互联网业务对数据中心的要求,大多数新基建项目的业务模式具有较强的区域性特点,系统规模和承载还处于逐年上升阶段。
比如,无人工厂数据中心的算力主要是为1-2公里范围内的终端服务,自动化无人港口数据中心主要为10-20公里范围内的终端服务。虽然城市无人驾驶系统数据中心的终端范围超过100公里,但实际上,每台无人驾驶汽车在行驶过程中只需与其周围少量汽车进行数据交互和运算,与远处别的汽车可能永远没有交互。这些实时数据一般都是过程数据,没有长期保留的必要,只需要将少量有价值的数据传输到云端服务器即可,所以完全没有必要把所有汽车的大量实时数据传输到同一个数据中心里。
为保证每个终端与数据中心交互的时效性和高效性,降低数据中心的入口带宽压力,同时也为了避免单一数据中心发生故障时有可能引发整个系统瘫痪,采用分布式边缘云数据中心将会是最佳方案。分布式边缘云数据中心采用类似手机通信网络的蜂窝式基站的布局,依靠大量更贴近终端的小微型数据中心,构建一套由1个管理节点+大量边缘计算节点所组成的分布式边缘云数据中心。
这种面向边缘计算的分布式云数据中心,具有以下技术特点:
- 网络传输压力降低:海量数据无需统一上传到同一个数据中心进行处理,大大的降低网络带宽压力,降低了网络延时,避免了网络堵塞,保证了网络传输质量。
- 系统高效性:每个终端选择就近的边缘数据中心作为接入点,同时将另一个边缘数据中心作为备用接入点。这样的部署方式既保证了数据实时处理的高效性,也保证了当某个边缘数据中心发生故障时,不会引起大范围系统瘫痪。
- 数据中心建设方面:边缘数据中心部署非常靠近前端,分布极为广泛,类似通信基站的建设模式,哪里有业务需要,就在哪里就近建设一个数据中心。
边缘云数据中心建设的多样性
分布式边缘云数据中心因其工作模式和服务对象的不同,其建设标准也完全不同于互联网数据中心的集约化、高密度、高标准模式。每个边缘数据中心的规模更偏向于小型化、微型化和模块化,机房选址可考虑:
- 自建数据中心或租用运营商的IDC机柜,用于边缘云数据中心的管理节点或骨干计算节点;
- 利用现有的高校、政府和高新园区的普通标准机房,用作小型边缘计算节点;
- 利用城市遍布的变电站、地铁站、充电站、高速收费站、小区机房等的富余空间,建设模块化机房,用做微型边缘计算节点;
- 可随时搬迁的集装箱式数据中心作为临时或应急边缘计算节点。
分布式边缘云数据中心的建设方式具有以下优势:
- 每个边缘云数据中心机房的规模较小,可大大降低城市电力供应的压力,不会引发区域内供电紧张,无需大的电力改造,也有助于降低数据中心通过节能审查的难度。
- 每个边缘云数据中心机房的规模较小且服务的终端数量少,普通IT机房也能满足业务的需要,单机柜建设成本将会大幅度降低,即使是资金有限的项目也可以在前期就建成较大规模。
- 边缘云数据中心机房可充分利用现有建筑物或空闲房间,无需投入较大的基建费用,建设时间短,机房可快速完成部署。
- 单个小微数据中心投资小、见效快,有利于吸引各方面的闲散资金参与新基建和云数据中心的建设。
- 根据实际业务的需要,各数据中心节点的规模可以是上千个机柜的高端机房,可以是几十个机柜的小机房,还可以是几个机柜的微型机房。
- 根据实际业务的需要,各数据中心节点可部署到应用的最前端,哪里需要就在哪里部署一个数据中心节点。
以上优势决定了分布式边缘云数据中心具有建设期短、建设成本低、可随时增加机房布局,每个机房的规模也可以根据业务需要随时进行扩展或缩小。
边缘云数据中心的运营
分布式边缘云数据中心建设和布局的特殊性,决定了它不能像传统数据中心一样承担所有类型的互联网业务,分布式边缘云数据中心更适合于计算能力和存储能力可区域化部署的应用。
比如,一个城市的多个城区内建设多个自动驾驶系统云计算中心节点。汽车在城市道路上行驶,大量实时数据传输到最近的数据中心经行运算,完成汽车的即时定位、前行、避让、拥堵绕行等操作。各边缘数据中心的数据汇集到一个总的管理数据中心,实现全城区自动驾驶汽车的运行图、实时路况图和集中调度监控。
正因为分布式边缘云数据中心对业务支撑的特殊性,数据中心的运营和管理要注意一下几个方面:
- 边缘云数据中心在设计阶段就必须要有确定目标应用,并根据行业特点进行特殊化定制和性能优化,以期达到最佳的服务能力。
- 采用行业云运营模式,承载同行业相似的应用系统,形成产业聚集和规模效应。
- 机房管理采用自动化和无人值守模式,通过远程监控、故障预判等技术手段,减少现场维护工作量。
- 通过集中管理和各边缘数据中心资源分别调度,使各数据中心的资源使用率达到最佳。
分布式边缘云数据中心无法承担所有类型的互联网业务,所以完全仿照互联网数据中心的模式,建成数据中心后再去找客户的模式是不可取的。
UIT的新基建数据中心解决方案
经过近20年的自主创新和专业发展,UIT已在云计算、大数据、分布式存储、超融合等业务方面取得了具大成就,获得了超过200多项专利和100多项软著。为了积极参与和推动国家新基建战略,UIT推出了多个适用于新基建项目的解决方案。
1、UScale超融合云计算管理平台:
UScale是UIT自主研发的超融合云计算管理平台,可帮助新基建领域的各种项目快速构建一个由单个管理中心+大量分布式边缘计算节点组成的新型分布式边缘云数据中心。数据中心系统的任何一个节点规模可从1-2台服务器逐步扩展到几百上千个机柜,数据中心的各项基础资源可在单个节点内弹性分配、动态使用,也可以在整体架构下统一管理、调度和监控。
UScale超融合云计算管理平台不仅能实现服务器虚拟化,满足项目核心业务服务器需求,还同时支持桌面化,将数据中心的强大计算能力和存储能力直接推送到用户的PC终端和移动终端。
UScale超融合云计算管理平台全面支持信创名录中的国产服务器、国产操作系统和国产数据库系统,确保新基建项目可建成一个全国产化的新型平台。
2、5G云电脑
UTOB是UIT自主研发的5G云电脑解决方案的核心产品,它突破了传统桌面云只能运行在局域网内的限制,采用智能手机作为云桌面终端,让用户随时随地通过4/5G网络连接到云端电脑,完成日常办公、看视频、听音乐、玩游戏等普通PC的功能。同时,智能手机的计算能力、存储容量、指纹识别和网络支付等功能,让云端电脑更强大、功能更丰富,安全性更高,使用更方便。
随着新基建项目中的5G基站的逐步建设,UTOB 5G云电脑将在替代家庭PC、智能家居、网络教学、边远山区技术精准扶贫、贫困大学生资助、远程医疗诊断等方面发挥重要作用。
3、国产存储和国产服务器
2020年,UIT将全面推出基于飞腾CPU和银河麒麟LINUX国产操作系统的国产存储和国产服务器产品,提供从硬件到软件的全国产化整体解决方案,满足党政军及国家重点行业信息系统的存储需求。
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